What was the Average Life Expectancy in the USSR and Modern Russia?
Medieval Russia was not very different from the European countries regarding life expectancy. In the Middle Ages, they usually did not live long. Outbreaks appear to be exacerbated during epidemics, warfare, drug overdoses, neonatal mortality rates (according to some of the ten children born to 3-4 women survivors), hunger, the spread of primitive agriculture, and mass accidents in the amount raised.
But there were two different trends in the Soviet era. Against the general background of repression, the average life expectancy of the population (“Red Terrorism,” “Aggregation,” “Stalinism”), if it does not decrease, increases at the speed of a snail. It is unknown at this time what he will do after leaving the post-famine in Ukraine, Red Terror, etc.
According to some painters, about 60 million people (!) Fell victim to the Bolsheviks at the beginning of World War II. It refers to the total loss of hunger, aggregation, classification, Stalin suppression, civil war, Soviet-Finnish war.
More women were able to survive with deep gray hair. Against the background of many early deaths of young and middle-aged people (military, oppressed, but also officially forbidden then-infant mortality rate including abortion), USSR average life expectancy from 1911 to the beginning of World War II Not happy in 1917, life expectancy in USSR was 32 years, and in 1939 – 42 years (Source: Urlanis B. U. “Fertility and life expectancy in USSR.” M, 1963).
Then came the worst war in the country’s history – the Great Patriotic War. The country lost an estimated 26 million people. Some even put the figure at 45 million, some at 26 million. It seems that now the official death toll in the Soviet Union during World War II is 227 million. The overwhelming majority are again men, young and even completely hairless, and middle-aged men. It is clear that the statistically average life expectancy behind the catastrophic military and civilian casualties during World War II has “fallen below the mire.”
But then, by the end of the war, Stalin was dead. The post-war repression was no longer as widespread as it was in the thirteenth year, and Khrushchev’s throat slowly cleared. Then the Soviet state was peacefully (surprisingly) developing. There is no famine in the country, cities are being built, war is not going on, medicine is actively developing. The state bears the cost of free medicine, education, and employment for every citizen. And the public is responding positively to the apparent improvement in the quality of existence: the average life expectancy of the USSR is increasing, and the so-called “stagnation” of the Brezhnev era (the lifespan of 1975 is already 70 years) has had a beneficial effect on this index.
People live voluntarily and for a long time, give birth to children, get free treatment. Soviet medicine is recognized in the country and in most parts of the world. Thousands of young students worldwide go to the USSR to study as doctors, teachers, engineers at medical and other universities. Soviet higher and secondary special education was the highest day in those days. People are accustomed to the fact that, despite the catastrophe in the world, they will have a workplace, advance and salary, utility bills are cheap, and if you are lucky and patient, sooner or later, the state will give you a completely comfortable apartment or house in a new house. Yes, there is a shortage of food, clothes, and cars, but people are somehow accustomed to “spinning,” getting the things they need,
The USSR, however, suffered heavy casualties, except for the alcohol front, as civilians actively drank and drank, and horse-drawn doses of alcohol killed any, even heroic, creature. Then, when the 1985 Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Agency was passed, the birth rate and the average life expectancy increased. For the Soviet period, before the “stagnation” and the Gorbachev era, life stability was characterized by a strong increase in the average life expectancy of the USSR. Then in 1985, the country was in the top ten countries in the world with a higher life expectancy (711.4 years).
But then the same Gorbachev began to destroy the country, and the citizens could not really resist it. Mass extermination, ethnic strife, the Chechen war, “sparkling” seas and cheap wine, criminal showdowns, and a catastrophic 90s hit by the state hit. Struck, sometimes begging, domestic medicine. The country is the blood flowed, young. Middle-aged men’s bodies were involved (women change towards more adaptive, and they have much less died) – and living the average life expectancy of the standard of living and treating the eating condition, background contrast, for men and 56 The year reached 1997.
Millions of young women also went to Western countries to marry foreigners. The legally competent man (“brain drain”), which continues to this day, has also arrived. All of this has made the population older, meaning the coexistence of the elderly in the case of the young. And the “hole” of the 90’s population, when women don’t give birth often, is starting to hit our higher education system right now. After all, the moment will soon come when the number of school graduates with full secondary education will be almost a few times less than the place of institutes and universities! Do what you want! These are all echoes of the 90s.
Now, since the early 2000s, the situation has been improving with the birth rate, and I want to continue the trend of increasing life expectancy. True, this parameter is increasing not because of mass fertility but because of the aging of the entire population. That is due to the increase in the number of older people in general. But still, women give birth, and I hope there will be no revolution, repression, famine, and genocide in Russia, at least for the foreseeable future. Enough, already eaten. I just want a long period of peaceful development. And there, our children and grandchildren will decide how to survive. Although Egyptians probably could not have imagined a few years ago that the “Arab Spring” And subsequent emergencies would erupt in their measured lives. Thousands of people killed and wounded in Syria have not been counted even minutes before the civil war. The world is slowly exploding, and it is unclear how the next thing will come out. Nevertheless, I would like to hope that the next crazy war cup will pass Russia.
About 135 million people lived in Russia during the first Russian Revolution of 1905. The largest population was recorded in the Soviet years. At the end of the USSR, the population of the whole Union reached about 290 million people (1991). According to the latest 2010 census of Russia, the income was 145 million. True, by the beginning of the twentieth century, the Russian Empire was huge. It included all parts of Poland, all of Finland, most of the former USSR.
In Soviet times (although already long after World War II, during the so-called Brezhnev “stagnation”), another value was taken – the record lifespan of man. In Russia, in 2011, the amount is now 30.3 years. For men – 64.3 years, for women – 76.1.